la belle dame sans merci

la belle dame sans merci- poetic inspiration Essay Question: Is La Belle Dame Sans Merci a poem about negative female stereotypes or about poetic creation and poetic sensibility? La Belle Dame Sans Merci is written in ballad form. Typically the ballad is dramatic, condensed and impersonal: the narrator begins with the climactic episode, tells the story curtly by means of action or in this case by means of dialogue alone. It is told without self reference or the expression of personal attitudes and feelings. Keats does not differ here. Ballads also employ set formulas including stock descriptive phrases like blood-red wine and milk-white steed. There is a refrain in each stanza and incremental repetition. Keats differs slightly in the ballad stanza format making the last line of each stanza shorter than the others. La Belle Dame Sans Merci literally means- beautiful woman without pity. It is, on the surface, a simple story describing the ill fate of a knight-at-arms. By the very name of the ballad people can deem is to be about negative female stereotypes. But on the other hand one can see the knight as a poet that finds poetic inspiration- symbolised in the figure of the woman- and then has it leave him abruptly. Feminists see this as another example of negative stereotyping of women in literature- a manifestation of whatever is happening in a society dominating by patriarchan values. The male sees himself as a victim figure used badly by a wicked, treacherous temptress who uses enchantment to destroy a knight and make him neglect his duties and responsibilities. It is considered to be about the femme fatale. Only the male opinion is expressed in the poem- we hear only the knights side of the story. Some think that the poem is about poetic imagination, inspiration and the loss of it. Mario L. DAvanzo says that it describes perfectly the poets semicircular arc of imaginative assent, fulfilment and decline into the world of reality. The knight is compared to a poet and the death-pale warriors, princes and kings could also have been compared to poets agonised by reality and the end of their imaginative trance; while the lady is compared to the poetic inspiration and the act of poetic creation that captivates them for a while and then leaves them. Keats recurring subtle metaphors regarding the poetic process can be found in this ballad. The character of the knight fits the profile of one of Keats heroes. Earl R. Wasserman said that all mortals who engaged in imaginations struggles are knights-at-arms. The ballad starts with a strong question which is repeated in the second stanza; asking what could ail the knight. The cold wintry weather and the desolate landscape depicted- witherd- in the first two paragraphs reflect the desolation that poets must endure after their inspiration has left them. The knight looked hungry as indicated by the squirrels granary is full . . . harvests done- this could be interpreted as the knight being starved for inspiration. The pitiful state of the knight is caused by the sudden lack of poetic imagination and inspiration. It has left him in anguish and very pale. wild eyes and long hair are said to be two physical characteristics of Keats muses, by DAvanzo. The wild eyes could also refer to the untameable energy of imagination. The woman is said to be full beautiful as well as being strong and wild, this suggests ambiguity as seen in imagination. By placing her on his steed he tries to control and tame her which is in vain. The woman is called a fairys child and is said to sing a faerys song; this elfin nature is another association with poetic imagination. The knight is not simply an innocent victim- it was he that courts La Belle Dame and made a garland for her head, And bracelets too, and fragrant zone; the garland could be interpreted as a woven poem. The plaintive yet sweet moan gives a hint of the tragic future that is inevitable- he would be forced back to reality. The knight could not be sure of its meaning. He was the one who set her on his pacing steed. .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af , .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .postImageUrl , .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af , .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:hover , .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:visited , .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:active { border:0!important; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:active , .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u08edf3577ee5bc125efcafc4711f46af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and contrast the way the writers portray the males and females in both poems EssayThis courtship can be compared to a poets search for inspiration. The woman only started to sing after the knight had put her on his steed; up to this point she was a passive figure. The use of the conjunction for signifies that the beautiful womans singing was the effect of the knights action. The exchange of gifts by the knight and the lady suggests harmony between the poet and imagination. La Belle Dame gives the knight manna-dew for inspiration. The food she offered him was supernatural and may have been meant to provide spiritual nourishment. By singing and speaking in the strange tongue the lady offered the knight verbal nourishment for the imagination. She had planted the roots of music and imagination in him. There was also a lot of assumption on his side- since the maiden spoke in a strange language he could only guess what she was saying. she looked at me as she did love- this could be interpreted either as she looked at him lovingly or she looked at him as if she was in love. And he had assumed that she had said I love thee true. The language could have been strange because to Keats poetic imagination is extraordinary, unfamiliar and inexplicable. The language was strange also because she was a magical creature- a fairys child. Her elfin grot could be a metaphor for a sanctuary of imagination and poetry. Poetic inspiration and imagination come to a peak at the grot. There is no indication that the woman wilfully banished the knight from her elfin grot and it has been argued that the union of the lovers is broken by the knights own inability to retain the vision. When she wept it is another indicator that the fantasy would end. He dreams of a cold hillside and a bleak countryside. This abrupt transition is characteristic of ballads. This dream indicates the death of imagination and the return of the knight to numbing reality. He hears the past victims of the Lady who had nourished him and then mercilessly takes away her gifts. She destroys all those that go in search of her; of imagination and inspiration. The knight is left unfulfilled and with pain. Keats suggests that imagination too has its inevitable and natural decline. Either interpretation can be maintained; the poem brings together both points of view as it mirrors the conflict in Keats own mind.

Supreme Court emerged as the most powerful branch free essay sample

The Supreme Court has the final say as to the appropriateness of the law, and the actions of the President. They imposed during this time period limits of power on the other branches. This paper will argue the Supreme Court from 1 790 until 1 857 emerged as the most powerful branch in several ways: some history of the early Supreme Court, the emergence of a strong super star, discussion of the landmark cases that illustrate their power, and end with a remarkable decision rendered by the Supreme Court in 1857. Article 3, section 1 of the United States Constitution called for a federal audacity to be established.It was vague as to the power and details. The Senate passed the Senate Judiciary Act of 1 789 which set it up. It called for 13 judicial districts. The Supreme Court was set up with one Chief Justice and five associate justices(l Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. We will write a custom essay sample on Supreme Court emerged as the most powerful branch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can only be removed by impeachment on grounds of bribery or high crimes. Only one in history has been removed. This alone shows you the power of the Supreme Court. Presidents and Senators come and go but a Chief Justice can impact the country for decades. President Washington appointed John Jay as the first Chief Justice. The court opened February 2, 1 790 and met in New York. It later moved to Philadelphia and finally Washington D. C. (2) Under John Jay the court traveled around the country solving disputes. During his tenure the court was trying to organize and define itself. Alexander Hamilton called it the least dangerous of the branches. (3) John Adams appointed John Marshall as the Chief Justice in 1801. This appointment marked the turning point of the Supreme Court, and eventually moved it to a powerful status.John Marshall grew up in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. He did not have extensive schooling. He was primarily home schooled and attended law lectures at the College of William and Mary. He did become a lawyer, and was well respected. He built a very strong law firm. His family was well respected. His father worked for George Washington and his mother was a relative of Thomas Jefferson. (4) It did not take John Marshall long to advance the Supreme Courts power. His first landmark decision was Mammary v. Madison in 1803. In his decision Marshall said: If TTY. Laws conflict with each other, the courts must decide on the operation of each I (5) In effect if Congress passes a law that is in violation of the Constitution then the law can be nullified by the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court can now control Congress and make them stay within the boundaries of the Constitution. The current Chief Justice, William Rehnquist, called this decision, the most famous case ever decided by the united States Supreme Court. (6) This case established judicial review over the Congress and the Executive branch. His next landmark decision was McCullough v.Maryland in 1819. The issue of states rights versus national power or Federalism had been debated since the Revolutionary War. John Marshall defined it by this decision. He gave Congress the right to establish a national bank. This strengthened the Federalists movement. He felt the Constitution allowed for it. The state of Maryland wanted to tax this bank. He ruled a state has no right to tax the Federal Government. He said, The Constitution and the laws made in pursuance thereof are supreme; they control the Constitution and laws of the respective states and cannot be controlled by them. He followed this up by dating the Supreme Court was superior to the States courts in Martin v. Hunters in 1816 and Cohen v. Virginia in 1821. (7) He moves on to Interstate Commerce in 1824 with the Gibbons v. Ogden decision. Steamboats had been invented and Robert Fulton had a monopoly operating a steamship line between New York and New Jersey. New York had granted Ogden a license to operate under this monopoly. Gibbons was given a license by Congress. They sued each other and John Marshall had the last say. He ruled in favor of Congress over the state of New York. He expanded the power of Congress to control commerce. 8) Our time period in question ends in 1857 and with a major decision by the Supreme Court. John Marshall was long dead, but his successor, Roger Tenet, was still the Chief Justice. He ruled in the Dried Scott case. Dried Scott was born a slave in Virginia in 1799. In 1920 Missouri was admitted to the United States as a slave tolerant state. Dried Scott was sold to a SST Louis family as a slave. He had worked several years in Illinois and Wisconsin for the family. These are slave free states. A lower court freed Dried Scott. An appellate court ruled him a slave. Dried Scott took his case to the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court ruled as a slave Scott had no standing as a citizen, and he can not appeal to the Federal government and he is to remain a slave. Chief Justice Tenet went on to say Congress had no right to limit Missouri right to allow slavery. Disagree with the decision but once again it shows you who has the authority to finally rule on important issues. (9) All of these decisions by the John Marshall court established the role the states and the Federal government would play. The issue of Federalism and states rights was decided in large part by John Marshall and the Supreme Court.

The Story of Sake

The Story of Sake The Story of Sake The Story of Sake By Mark Nichol Sake is one of those nebulous yet specific words that are employed in a limited number of circumstances. This post discusses its origin and uses. Sake (from the Old English term sacu, meaning â€Å"guilt†), which primarily means â€Å"end† or â€Å"purpose,† is used most transparently in phrases beginning â€Å"for the sake of†: â€Å"For the sake of appearances† pertains to something done solely to result in positive perception rather than sincere, practical benefit, while â€Å"for the sake of argument† introduces a hypothetical proposition that involves a contrary viewpoint, as in, â€Å"For the sake of argument, let’s say that what appears to be murder was an accident.† Meanwhile, â€Å"for the sake of it† is an idiomatic phrase meaning â€Å"for no particular reason†; hell, as a meaningless intensifier, often substitutes sake in this usage. Conversely, â€Å"for old time’s sake† pertains to something done as a nod to nostalgia. Also, one can write â€Å"for (one’s) sake,† as in â€Å"For John’s sake, we didn’t tell him about the incriminating letter,† where sake means â€Å"benefit† or â€Å"welfare.† But â€Å"for God’s sake†/â€Å"for Christ’s sake† (the latter sometimes styled â€Å"for chrissake†) is an expression without meaning except to express some heated emotion, such as exasperation. For the sake of euphemism, such a phrase is often bowdlerized to something like â€Å"for Pete’s sake,† inspired perhaps by St. Peter’s name or by the expression â€Å"for pity’s sake† as part of a plea for mercy. Variations include â€Å"for heaven’s sake† and â€Å"for goodness’ sake†; note the apostrophe indicating the genitive state of goodness, signaling that the sake â€Å"belongs† to goodness. (Even in content in which the style is for an s to follow an apostrophe in possessive case, this idiomatic style prevails.) Conversely, the phrase is sometimes rendered more forceful by replacing the middle word with a word equivalent to brandishing one’s middle finger. The compound namesake originally meant, literally, â€Å"one named for the sake of another,† referring to a child named after a parent or another adult to honor that person; now, its meaning extends to â€Å"anyone sharing one’s name.† On that model was keepsake coined; it refers to something originally belonging to, or otherwise associated with a deceased or departed person that is kept by another to honor the first person’s memory. The word forsake (past tense forsook, and forsaken as a past participle and an adjective), meaning â€Å"abandon† or â€Å"renounce,† stems from the Old English intensifying prefix for-, meaning â€Å"completely,† and sake in its original sense of â€Å"accuse† or â€Å"dispute.† The adjective godforsaken- literally, â€Å"abandoned by God†- refers to someplace or something neglected or remote. Sake is also seen in the expression â€Å"Art for art’s sake,† referring to the sentiment that art exists on its own merits and requires no justification. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?The Four Sounds of the Spelling OUKn- Words in English

Proposed Act Would Give Federal Agents Power

Proposed Act Would Give Federal Agents Power Pornography is a big deal in America and arguably has its place. While New York City, Miami and Los Angeles are all cities with big porno markets, this week, record porn site hits came from another city.   Cleveland. Ohio! During the 2016 Republican National Convention, the number of people watching pornography videos surpassed the number of people who watched the Cavaliers win the NBA Championship. Yup. Turns out, Trump is good for the porn business. A record setting 873,294 videos were viewed in The Buckeye State after Trump’s name was put into pornographic search engines. Who knew the party of Lincoln drips with erotica? Since this subject is trending, let’s see if we can tie it in with animal rights. Yes we can! There’s a connection, and it’s very disturbing. First, a little background. Bestiality, or, sex with animals, is legal in plenty of states. But it’s not enough you know that, just for fun, I’m going to call them out on it so those who live in these states can get busy on the legislation needed to outlaw this sick stuff. Alabama, Arkansas, Hawaii, Kentucky, Montana, Washington, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Nevada, New Mexico, Ohio, Texas, Vermont , Virginia, West Virginia, Wyoming and, not surprisingly, the District of Columbia. Humans are not the only ones being screwed by politicians in D.C. Oh, and you can have intimate relations with a non-human in Guam with complete immunity. As if sexual abuse of  animals isn’t bad enough, some sickos just can’t stop until the animal or animals are tortured and killed for sexual pleasure. Just ask Brent Justice, 54, and his girlfriend, Ashley Richards, 25. This deranged Houston couple was  arrested in 2012 for making and distributing dozens of â€Å"crush videos† where animals were tortured by the couple while the couple engaged in sexual acts. Graphic details of what this entails can be found here. Puncturing a kitten’s eye with a high heel shoe is just the beginning. Don’t look if you can’t deal with the facts of the case. It’s not really important that you make yourself sick. What’s important is that you take action. More on that later. The Animal Crush Video Prohibition Act passed during the Legislative Session of the 111th Congress in 2010 prohibited the trade in pornographic videos in which animal cruelty is depicted. It states, in part:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Each of the several states and the District of Columbia criminalize intentional acts of extreme animal cruelty, such as the intentional crushing, burning, drowning, suffocating or impaling of animals for no socially redeeming purpose.† As if any of that can ever be sold to the public  as socially redeeming. The exact text of the Act can be found on GovTrack.US. Of course, nothing is ever easy so there are limits to what this law does. In a nutshell, the trade in crush videos is illegal but the act of animal cruelty isn’t. It’s confusing. So now, the 114th Congress which concludes in January, 2017, has been asked to plug up the loopholes in the 2010 act. Specifically, H.R. 2293 was introduced by Rep. Lamar Smith, (R-TX), Ted Deutch (D-FL), Tom Marino (R-PA) and Earl Blumenthal (D-CT). The Senate bill, 1831, was introduced by Senators Pat Toomey (R-PA) and Richard Blumenthal (D-CT). Entitled the Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act (PACT), this bill would prohibit the extreme acts of animal cruelty depicted  in the videos. It would also provide federal prosecutors with the ammo they need to prosecute offenders when the offense is occurring in a federal jurisdiction or interstate commerce. Federal agents would be permitted to pursue animal cruelty charges revealed while agents are  investigating another interstate violation, such as drug trafficking. Prosecutors could also stop to the transport of animals for the purpose of bestiality, even if the crime occurs in one of the states listed above. Ann Chynoweth is the Vice President of the Animal Cruelty Campaign for the Humane Society of the United States. She believes the PACT Act is sensible, bi-partisan legislation that would outlaw extreme acts of animal cruelty that occur on federal property or in interstate commerce.   â€Å"The PACT Act would strengthen current federal law that outlaws the commerce in crush videos where animals are tortured for a sexual fetish.   It would give federal prosecutors the ability to not only prosecute the peddlers of these hideous videos, but also those who crush, burn, drown, suffocate or otherwise torture animals to make them,† says Ms. Chynoweth.   â€Å"There is a documented connected between animal cruelty and human violence and that is why the National Sheriffs’ Association and more than 200 law enforcement agencies from across the country have endorsed the PACT Act.† So what can you do? â€Å"Not much is moving now during the presidential elections,† says Laura Bevan, Southeast Regional Director for the HSUS. But that doesn’t mean that after November, lawmakers can sit back and rest. No, they need to get back to the task at hand, passing laws to make life better for animals because animals have an inherent right to live their lives and make their way in the world without human intervention. So find out who your reps are (you can do so here) and call, email and visit them to urge them to support the PACT act. This shouldn’t be controversial, and there’s no appropriate argument against passage of this act.

How do you define success Do you feel that you have been successful Essay

How do you define success Do you feel that you have been successful How would you work to achieve greater success both professionally and personally - Essay Example I feel very disheartened when I see people who have started very well early on in their careers, excelled at the threshold of their professional lives but fizzle out very soon. Is it due to the clutches of materialism? Or does the initial spurt of success get the better of their consciousness? I would not know. I for one have been fortunate to be blessed with little successes along the way – enough to motivate me and keep me going, yet scarce enough to play the role of appetizers, making me crave for more. At the very beginning of my career, as an employee of the Building Permit Department of Kuwait Municipality along with issuing approvals for building designs, an occasional client who could not afford an engineering consultancy would ask me to design. Thus, I began discovering my inherent creativity, my natural desire to create and my deep-rooted love for real estate. I did feel a little sense of achievement doing this, but success would not be the right word to describe the feeling. I went on to establish a trading firm in partnership and became the managing partner. We diversified into a lot of businesses. From taking sub-franchisees of an ice-cream company to taking the distributorship of an automotive company, our mainstay of course being buying and selling real estate – dealing in land and building on them. My initial experience with my own business taught me that I have a natural instinct to manage and run a business and a positive attitude towards dealing with people and getting work done. It also made me realize that the only way to understand the concept of Business Management on your own is to actually be in the thick of the action. Since it was my own money and assets involved, my commitment could not be questioned. I feel I have the necessary qualities to be a successful manager. An Executive MBA program, besides honing my technical skills, will give me an insight into markets and the financial world. This

Structure and Agency in Media and Culture Essay

Structure and Agency in Media and Culture - Essay Example The paper tells that a debate, ongoing for decades is persistent in determining the relationship between structure and agency. There is a constant struggle to bridge the structure-agency relationship void and many approaches and theories have been presented in this regard. This paper suggests that Critical Realism Theory offers a solution by presenting a practical way to encounter the problem of structure- agency relations and contexts. Whether considering the voluntary or planned actions of subjects, or micro/macro analysis of a society or individual, the debate on structure and agency relationship keeps recurring. This critical realist approach contends that structure and agency relationship must be studied in order to better understand and explain society or social actions. This ought to be accomplished to achieve a stable state of society and also to accommodate positive social change encompassing individual innovation. The Critical Theory is born with the assumption that social world needs improvement and reforms, as it is deeply flawed. This theory also refutes prediction and explanation to control the social world. The sole aim of this theory is to study the social world in order to change it for the better. It criticizes and seeks to change the imposing social order. Critical theory is political in nature as challenges and confronts the way people are ruled. It is also critical of the organizations that exercise unleashed power to obtain their goals. The theory believes that the social world is the result of interaction between structure and agency.... In order to get close to the solutions of agency-structure problem, we ought to consider the evolutionary cycles of behavior for each ontological position (Hay). The intertwined relationship between agency and structure presents many solutions in a coherent and systematic manner. Taking a different discourse to the assumption that agency and structure clearly differentiated domains and each action requires a pre-existing structure (Archer, 198), whereas the critical realist theory asserts that condition and medium of agency conduct are necessary pre-requisites for the constitution of structures. Their existence is relationally dialectical and neither can exist in isolation from the other (Hay). We are not in substantial control of the social contexts in which we live in, however it definitely requires the exercise of agency to become someone and be labeled as such (Agency Textbook, 2). The agent’s particular decisions and acts are influenced by contexts in which the decision i s made. Engaging in certain acts is a result of contextual factors and our choices are a by- product of the uncontrollable contexts as we learn to want the things in relation to the contextual surroundings. Rather than an inborn source, our dreams, aspirations, and agency are intertwined with the contextual sources (Agency Textbook, 2). The dynamics of power determine the enabling and constraint of agency as one has to demonstrate a certain amount of power to exercise agency. Power is continually negotiated and shifts frequently with a multiple, decentralized, and diffused structure (Agency Textbook, 3). The complex structure of power influences agency significantly because how power is exercised on us and how we demonstrate power,

Learning and Good Manager Essay Example for Free

Learning and Good Manager Essay Good managers are born, not made. Discuss this idea whilst exploring key characteristics of an effective manager. For a long time, many people have questioned whether a good manager is born naturally, or they can learn and train to become a good manager. For people who think that a good manager is born, they believe that an effective manager is born with some specific skills and characteristics that ordinary people do not have. â€Å"Charisma and trait are qualities which are generated from inside a person† (Junaid 2010). However, a stronger believes in nobody born with perfect competence. In fact, it is rarely to find people who just naturally good at anything. Achievement in life requires hard work, experience, and skills (Lash, J. 2007). Everyone can develop by learning and training to become better. They can change their attitude and acquire appropriate capability and attribute that required for a good manager. It is ambiguous in the aspect of good managers are born, not made, because there are many evidences and researches that explain how ordinary people can become a good manager. First and foremost, people who support the first reason that nature select a specific group of people to be a good manager by giving charisma and trait. According to Weber (1947) as cited by Raktabutr (2007), supernatural and particular forces grant charisma which is a precise quality of a personality to extraordinary person. Charisma and trait are the main factors that can make anyone become a well manager. For example, motivation is one of the key characteristic of an effective manager which is generate from inside, this type of characteristic is difficult to learn and understand. In such circumstance a proficient manager can considered as a leader, they have to know how to motivate other people in workplace. As Edward Deci (n. d. ) as cited by Llewellyn and Holt (n. d. ) write in why we do what we do: Understanding self-motivation. A place that feels connected, independent, and authorized is lead people to be self-motivated. Failure is a part of process that managers have to concede, because they have to encourage risk-taking and creativity. Effective managers have to build up the dynamic atmosphere in workplace to ensure that his co-worker and subordinate have passion to complete their task, and then it will make the outcome of their task effective and efficiency. Whereas, people who do not have this key distinctive, they can get in trouble when they have to motivate other people, because it is inconsistent to motivate to different people. Another key determinant that essential is self-confidence. Manager has to show his confidence to make his underling believe and respect to him, because manager cannot do everything they can only manage and assign task to his subordinate. While people who do not born with this ability, they can face the problem about how to act to other people to gain their trust and respect. These key characteristics are come from aptitude that manager can know immediately how to deal with problem. It could be said that other people who do not have charisma and trait cannot be a good manager, because these attributes ingrained with special people since they were born. There was an early psychological research, which were studied inborn characteristics or traits from successful leaders. The ascription is people can be a good manager if they could be found with these traits. Stogdill (1974) determine the following traits and skills as needful to manager, which consist of intelligence, conceptually skilled, imaginative, sagacious, management ability , convincing , interpersonal relations, adjustable to situations ,active to social environment ,commitment and achievement-orientated ,assertive ,cooperative , decided , trustworthy ,dominant, ardent, relentless, self-confident ,and repressive of stress. In the other hand, there are some evidences that explain how normal people who do not born with inherited specialties can learn and practice to become a good manager. Every person has to learn to acquire skills and cognition. â€Å"The most important skill for everyone is the ability to manipulate their learning† (Mcnamara, C. n. d. ). Everyone can gain a lot of benefit from learning, if they have high level of stimulus and self-directed reader. People can be a good manager by using Management development program, which is include both informal and formal method. For informal method, it can help everyone improve some key characteristics that requisite for a good manager by reading some articles, and discussing management with other people. Taking a course, seminar or workshop is another good opportunity for regular people to develop themselves to be a capable manager. There is an executive education program for manager has been provided by Harvard business school, the length of this course is around three months. This course accepts managers from all over the world. This full time course at Harvard business school offer precise learning experiences that allow managers to learn how to use vision to create effective management decision, and how to see organization as a whole picture. It is also cover all areas of management from accounting, finance, technology, operations, strategy, and marketing, international economy and organizational change. This program offers opportunity to participants to understand the key characteristics of a good manager. Almost 12,000 managers who have gone on to top leadership positions in some of the most well known companies in the world, after they graduated from this course. Therefore, it is clear that good manager can be made by training and learning, since there are plenty of ways to develop skills and characteristics by both formal and informal method. In conclusion, although, the people who born with unique skills and knowledge take advantage more than other people, normal people who want to be a good manager can expand their capability to acquire these requirements, if they have high commitment on their goal and work hard enough. Since nowadays, there are many courses and programs that provide for people to improve their abilities such as training class, which can determine and supply special skills that manager needs, and these type of programs are accepted by most organizations in the world. Thus, in my opinion, it is irrational that good manager is born. Every people can make themselves to become an effective manager, because everyone can define their own destiny.